Moment-resisting frames
Rigid beam-to-column connections; lateral load is carried by bending of the members. Bays stay open for doors, windows and use. Drift and connection details govern; strong-column weak-beam is required.
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TBDY 2018 Chapter 9 · Turkish Steel Code
Steel structures designed through to the connection and the fabrication drawing.
We design industrial buildings, warehouses, roof structures, mezzanines and multi-storey steel buildings, including members, connections and base plates, up to drawings the fabricator can work from directly.
Structural systems
Three basic systems that carry earthquake loads
TBDY 2018 Chapter 9 defines the lateral load-resisting systems of steel buildings by ductility level (high and limited). The chosen system sets the factors used in the seismic analysis and the detailing rules.
Concentrically braced frames
Brace axes meet at beam-column joints or mid-beam; lateral load is carried axially in the braces. High stiffness and economical steel use; brace buckling and the unbalanced force on inverted-V beams must be accounted for.
Eccentrically braced frames
Braces connect to the beam apart from each other; the short link between them yields and dissipates energy. Combines frame ductility with braced-frame stiffness; the link and surrounding members need careful capacity design.
Building types
Steel structures we design
Industrial buildings and warehouses
Long-span portal frames, roof and wall purlins, vertical and roof bracing, and crane runway beams and brackets where required.
Multi-storey steel buildings
Steel column-beam systems with composite slabs on steel deck and shear studs, for office, commercial and mixed-use buildings.
Roofs, mezzanines and additions
Steel trusses and roof structures, mezzanine floors added to existing buildings, platforms and stairs, including checks of the additional load on the existing structure.
Connections and base plates
The most critical details of a steel structure
Much of the damage in steel structures starts at the connections rather than in the members, so connections are designed to transfer the capacity of the members they join.
Bolted connections
End-plate, splice and gusset connections; bolt grade, preloading, bolt pattern and edge distances set by calculation.
Welded connections
Shop fillet and butt welds, with weld sizes and types shown clearly on the drawings; site welding kept to a minimum.
Base plates and anchors
Base plate, anchor rods and shear key carry axial force, moment and shear safely into the foundation; anchor layout is coordinated with the foundation reinforcement.
Design process
From brief to fabrication drawings
- 1BriefUse, spans, heights, crane or equipment loads and future extensions.
- 2LoadsDead, live, snow and wind loads, crane loads, and seismic actions for the site.
- 3Analysis3D model; second-order effects and overall stability.
- 4Members and connectionsBuckling, lateral-torsional and local buckling checks; connection and base plate design.
- 5DeliverablesCalculation report, general arrangement, connection details, fabrication drawings and material lists; support during erection.
- Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBDY 2018), Chapter 9Seismic design of steel buildings: systems, ductility levels, connection and detailing rules.
- Turkish Steel Structures Design CodeDesign of steel members and connections, fabrication and erection rules.
- TS 498 · TS EN 10025Design loads; structural steel grades such as S235, S275 and S355.
This page is for general information. The rules for each project depend on the current versions of the codes, their relevant provisions and the project's own conditions.